#SALT IRON WARS TRIAL#
#SALT IRON WARS LICENSE#

In response, hosts have evolved several methods for depriving invading microorganisms of iron. coli strains and many other types of bacteria are harmless to humans, some are pathogenic, and these organisms also require iron, which they obtain from their host. The common enteric bacterium Escherichia coli and some other bacteria produce a siderophore known as enterobactin, which enables the organism to obtain sufficient quantities of iron to survive in an environment where iron levels can be very low ( Figure 1).Īlthough most E. After binding iron in the extracellular environment, the siderophore–iron complex is taken up into the cell through a specific transport pathway. An effective strategy used by bacteria, fungi, and some plants is the secretion of high-affinity iron-binding compounds known as siderophores. This system represents an example of the host using a microbial metabolite to support its own growth and development.Īlmost all forms of life, from bacteria to mammals, have an absolute requirement for iron, and a range of mechanisms - sometimes quite elaborate - have evolved for ensuring that they obtain enough iron to survive. These prosthetic groups can be incorporated into a range of iron-dependent enzymes. This effectively facilitates iron accumulation within the organelle, where it can be used for the synthesis of iron–sulfur clusters and possibly of heme. Irrespective of its target cell, ferric enterobactin is able to enter mitochondria, where it can bind to the α subunit of ATP synthase. Whether it is preferentially used by some host cell types or whether it has more general effects are unresolved questions. The bacterium can use the enterobactin–iron complex to help meet its own iron needs, but the complex is also able to interact with the host. Host and Microbe Vie for Iron.Įscherichia coli in the intestinal lumen secretes the ferric iron–binding compound enterobactin, which subsequently scavenges iron. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.įigure 1.

#SALT IRON WARS LICENSE#

Information and tools for librarians about site license offerings. Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams. NEW! Peer-reviewed journal featuring in-depth articles to accelerate the transformation of health care delivery.Ĭoncise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care.

#SALT IRON WARS TRIAL#

Late in the war, salt was selling for $20 per hundred pounds in Texas.NEW! A digital journal for innovative original research and fresh, bold ideas in clinical trial design and clinical decision-making. Salt was so important that for a time commercial salt workers were exempt from military service. The practice was extensive all along the Florida coast in large, well-equipped lined evaporators complete with iron pans or salt kettles. Salt was produced in a number of Confederate states from Virginia to Texas, either through mining, wells, or reduction of sea water. It was donated by Dolores Furr Gilly in 1998. This salt kettle was used at a salt works during the war in Mobile to boil seawater. It was used by the Confederate government not only to season food but to preserve meat to feed soldiers. Salt was a scarce commodity during the Civil War.

This salt kettle was once part of an important salt works that supplied the Confederacy with salt.ĭestruction of a Confederate salt factory along the Florida coast by the USS KINGFISHER, Septem(Harper's Weekly)

Salt iron wars